What does the term 'differential reinforcement' refer to?

Differential reinforcement is a strategy used in behavior analysis that involves reinforcing only the desired or appropriate behavior while withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors. This approach helps shape and increase the frequency of the behavior that is being targeted for improvement, by providing positive consequences for that specific behavior.

By focusing reinforcement on one particular behavior, practitioners can effectively decrease unwanted behaviors, as the individual learns that engagement in those behaviors does not yield positive outcomes. This method is particularly useful in various settings, including ABA therapy for children with autism, as it encourages the development of positive behaviors while reducing problematic ones.

The concept relies on the idea that behaviors followed by reinforcement are more likely to be repeated, making it a fundamental component of behavior modification strategies. The other options do not accurately reflect the principles of differential reinforcement, which emphasizes the selective reinforcement based on behavior.