Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

Negative punishment involves the removal of a stimulus to decrease a behavior's occurrence. In this context, the example that illustrates negative punishment is when a child loses tokens for having a tantrum. The removal of tokens serves as a consequence aimed at reducing the frequency of the tantrum behavior. By taking away something the child values (tokens), the intention is to discourage future tantrums.

In contrast, the first option describes a scenario where a child is praised for following the rules, which represents a form of positive reinforcement rather than punishment. The third option is also an example of positive reinforcement; rewarding a child with dessert for good behavior encourages the desired behavior rather than punishing an undesired one. Lastly, while the option regarding the teacher taking away privileges for misbehavior does involve removing something, it may initially seem like it could be negative punishment, but its focus is on privileges rather than a specific, quantifiable item like tokens, which can make it less clear in this context.