Which technique is commonly used to reduce undesirable behaviors in ABA?

Differential reinforcement is a technique widely used in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to reduce undesirable behaviors while simultaneously encouraging more acceptable behavior. This approach involves reinforcing a behavior that is considered more desirable and withholding reinforcement for the undesirable behavior. The key aspect of differential reinforcement is that it strategically focuses on promoting positive behaviors rather than solely concentrating on eliminating negative ones, which can often lead to a more constructive and supportive learning environment for individuals.

For example, if a child tends to scream to gain attention, a practitioner might use differential reinforcement by providing attention when the child uses a calm voice instead. This method not only reduces the screaming behavior but also teaches the child an alternative way to communicate their needs effectively.

While the other techniques mentioned have their uses within ABA, they often do not focus on promoting positive behaviors in the same way. Positive reinforcement involves adding a stimulus after a desired behavior, which can encourage that behavior but doesn't necessarily address undesired behaviors. Negative reinforcement also encourages behavior change through the removal of an unfavorable condition, yet it might not target the specific undesirable behavior directly. Punishment seeks to decrease a behavior by applying an aversive consequence, but it doesn’t teach or promote alternative, more appropriate behaviors in the way differential reinforcement does.